Frequently Asked Questions About TPH Analytical Methods for Crude Oil
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چکیده
Traditionally, hydrocarbon-impacted soils at E&P sites have been managed based on their total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content. Oil and gas industry guidance on TPH clean-up concentrations at E&P sites was not based upon risk to human health; rather, it was based on the protection of plants and water resources [API, 1993; Currier and Peoples, 1954; Udo, et al., 1975; Baker, 1970; deOng, et al., 1927; Plice, 1948; Chaineau, et al., 1997; and Saterbak, et al., 1999]. This work illustrated that ≤10,000 mg/kg TPH from crude oil did not adversely impact the growth of most plants nor pose a risk of leaching to groundwater. Some states adopted a TPH clean-up level of 10,000 mg/kg (1% by weight) based on these results. However, other states used TPH standards as low as 100 mg/kg in soil that are similar to those developed for gasoline leaks at underground storage tank sites for the protection of groundwater. This standard might be applied to an E&P site even though a heavy crude oil, with no potential to leach to groundwater, may have been the only onsite petroleum hydrocarbon. Recent research initiatives have established a more consistent technical approach for the management of petroleum hydrocarbons that emphasizes the protection of human health and determined that a TPH concentration of 10,000 mg/kg is indeed protective at E&P sites. Traditional approaches for managing E&P sites were based upon protection of plant and water resources.
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